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Daniel R. Edgcumbe Volker Thoma Davide Rivolta Michael A. Nitsche Cynthia H.Y. Fu 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):652-658
Background
Accounts of cognitive processes in judgment and decision-making are frequently based on a dual-process framework, which reflects two qualitatively different types of processing: intuitive (Type 1) and analytical (Type 2) processes.Objective
The present study investigated the effects of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on judgment and decision-making performance.Methods
Participants received anodal tDCS stimulation to the right DLPFC, left DLPFC or sham. There were 3 tasks: vignettes measuring heuristic thinking, belief bias syllogisms, and the cognitive reflection test (CRT), a measure of the ability to inhibit automatic responses to reach a correct solution. Fifty-four participants (mean age?=?24.63?±?4.46 years; 29 females) were recruited.Results
Results showed that anodal tDCS to the right DLPFC was associated with an increase in cognitive reflection performance (Type 2 processing) as compared to left DLPFC and to sham. Logic thinking was reduced following anodal tDCS to the left DLPFC.Conclusion
These findings are broadly consistent with a dual process framework, and cannot be explained by differences in cognitive ability and thinking style. The results demonstrate the involvement of the right DLPFC in cognitive reflection, and suggest the possibility of improving cognitive performance through tDCS. 相似文献57.
Guowei Zhang Fenger Sun Heping Liu Xiaoyan Ren Hong Xu Mingjie Wang Yizheng Fu 《Materials》2021,14(9)
The structural properties, elastic anisotropy, electronic structures and work function of D022-type Al3TM (TM = Sc, Ti, V, Y, Zr, Nb, La, Hf, Ta) are studied using the first-principles calculations. The results indicate that the obtained formation enthalpy and cohesive energy of these compounds are in accordance with the other calculated values. It is found that the Al3Zr is the most thermodynamic stable compound. The mechanical property indexes, such as elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and Vickers hardness are systematically explored. Moreover, the calculated universal anisotropic index, percent anisotropy and shear anisotropic factors of D022-type Al3TM are analyzed carefully. It demonstrates that the shear modulus anisotropy of Al3La is the strongest, while that of Al3Ta is the weakest. In particular, the density of states at Fermi level is not zero, suggesting that these phases have metal properties and electrical conductivity. More importantly, the mechanisms of correlation between hardness and Young’s modulus are further explained by the work function. Finally, the experimental design proves that D022-Al3Ta has an excellent strengthening effect. 相似文献
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Xue Yao Yan Zhang Jian Hao Hui-Quan Duan Chen-Xi Zhao Chao Sun Bo Li Bao-You Fan Xu Wang Wen-Xiang Li Xuan-Hao Fu Yong Hu Chang Liu Xiao-Hong Kong Shi-Qing Feng 《中国神经再生研究》2019,(3)
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent novel cell death pathway. Deferoxamine, a ferroptosis inhibitor, has been reported to promote spinal cord injury repair. It has yet to be clarified whether ferroptosis inhibition represents the mechanism of action of Deferoxamine on spinal cord injury recovery. A rat model of Deferoxamine at thoracic 10 segment was established using a modified Allen's method. Ninety 8-week-old female Wistar rats were used. Rats in the Deferoxamine group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg Deferoxamine 30 minutes before injury. Simultaneously, the Sham and Deferoxamine groups served as controls. Drug administration was conducted for 7 consecutive days. The results were as follows:(1) Electron microscopy revealed shrunken mitochondria in the spinal cord injury group.(2) The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating score showed that recovery of the hindlimb was remarkably better in the Deferoxamine group than in the spinal cord injury group.(3) The iron concentration was lower in the Deferoxamine group than in the spinal cord injury group after injury.(4) Western blot assay revealed that, compared with the spinal cord injury group, GPX4, xCT, and glutathione expression was markedly increased in the Deferoxamine group.(5) Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that, compared with the Deferoxamine group, mRNA levels of ferroptosis-related genes Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2(ACSF2) and iron-responsive element-binding protein 2(IREB2) were up-regulated in the Deferoxamine group.(6) Deferoxamine increased survival of neurons and inhibited gliosis. These findings confirm that Deferoxamine can repair spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. Targeting ferroptosis is therefore a promising therapeutic approach for spinal cord injury. 相似文献
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Biao Zhou Wei Li Guizhen Zhao Bing Yu Baihui Ma Zhujiang Liu Nan Xie Yi Fu Ze Gong Rongbo Dai Xiaoming Zhang Wei Kong 《Journal of vascular surgery》2019,69(3):921-932.e3
Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether rapamycin inhibits the development of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) in mice.Methods
Three-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a normal diet and randomized into a control group (n = 6), β-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN) group (Gp A; n = 15), BAPN plus rapamycin (5 mg) group (Gp B; n = 8), and BAPN plus rapamycin (10 mg) group (Gp C; n = 8). Gp A, Gp B, and Gp C were administered BAPN (1 g/kg/d) for 4 weeks. One week after BAPN administration, Gp B and Gp C were treated with rapamycin (5 mg/kg/d or 10 mg/kg/d) through gavage for 21 days. Thoracic aortas were harvested for Western blot and immunofluorescence staining at day 14 and for morphologic and histologic analyses at day 28.Results
BAPN treatment induced TAAD formation in mice. The incidence of TAAD in control, Gp A, Gp B, and Gp C mice was 0%, 80%, 25%, and 37.5%, respectively. Smaller thoracic aortic diameters (ascending aorta and arch) were observed in Gp B and Gp C mice than in Gp A mice (Gp B vs Gp A: ascending aorta, ex vivo, 1.07 ± 0.21 mm vs 1.80 ± 0.67 mm [P < .05]; aortic arch, ex vivo, 1.51 ± 0.40 mm vs 2.70 ± 1.06 mm [P < .05]; Gp C vs Gp A: ascending aortas, ex vivo, 1.10 ± 0.33 mm vs 1.80 ± 0.67 mm [P < .05]; aortic arch, ex vivo, 1.55 ± 0.56 mm vs 2.70 ± 1.06 mm [P < .05]). TAAD mice exhibited elastin fragmentation, abundant inflammatory cell infiltration, and significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase production in the aorta, and rapamycin treatment alleviated these changes. The protein levels of p-S6K and p-S6 in TAAD aortic tissues increased significantly, whereas they were suppressed by rapamycin.Conclusions
Rapamycin suppressed TAAD formation, probably by inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling and reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and matrix metalloproteinase 9 production. Targeting of the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway using rapamycin may be a favorable modulation for the clinical treatment of TAAD. 相似文献60.
目的 探讨NRP-1单克隆抗体(NRP-1 MAb)的特异性,以及不同剂量的NRP-1 MAb治疗乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的疗效。方法 Western blot和共聚焦免疫荧光法检测NRP-1 MAb是否识别MCF7细胞上NRP-1蛋白。将MCF7细胞接种于BALB/c裸鼠皮下建立乳腺癌细胞移植瘤模型,并进行瘤组织传代。传代的肿瘤体积生长至300~500 mm3时,随机分为对照组、NRP-1 MAb低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,每组6只,给药7次。观察荷瘤裸鼠一般状况,测量瘤体大小及裸鼠体重。实验结束时剥离瘤体称重,提取组织蛋白,Western blot检测组织中VEGF蛋白和NRP-1蛋白的表达量。结果 NRP-1MAb成功识别MCF7细胞上的NRP-1蛋白;NRP-1 MAb能够有效抑制MCF7细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长,低剂量组(1 mg/kg)抑瘤率为47.01%,中剂量组(5 mg/kg)抑瘤率为65.70%,高剂量组(10 mg/kg)抑瘤率为69.19%。。结论 NRP-1 MAb能够识别并有效结合MCF7细胞膜上的NRP-1蛋白,且可抑制MCF7细胞移植瘤的生长,NRP-1 MAb抑制移植瘤的增长可能与下调NRP-1和VEGF表达有关。 相似文献